As I wrote silence descended across my classroom. All that could be heard was the squeak of the pen. I could see my students in the mirror and took delight in their looks of horror. I wondered how long it would take. A moment later one brave girl slowly raised her hand.
“Um, excuse me Miss… haven’t you met the AP yet?”
“Yes I have met the AP.”
“Well just so you know Miss, she’s not going to like this......In fact, I think she is going to go crazy.”

On my first day at my new school my students sat apprehensive, whispering, predicting my demise. Lucky for me the AP is actually much more relaxed then the students perceive her to be and I am still alive and well and able to write this post.

So what was I doing that caused my students to quiver in fear for my life? I was writing on the mirrors that adorn one wall of my classroom with liquid chalk and I have continued to write on them just about every day since.

I believe that our classroom walls should speak - actually sing, yell, hail, screech, whoop and yodel what we are learning. Walls can be collaboration spaces, project vision boards, idea centres, inspiration zones and working areas. Teachers hang up complete works, but there is little purpose to this. The learning has been done and we have moved onto something new. Showcasing completed work isn’t assisting the current learning and teaching. While on the other hand, talking walls can project the learning forward.

My walls change daily, weekly and monthly depending on what is happening in my room. Here are some of the ways I make my walls talk: 

Liquid chalk Collaboration - As I mentioned earlier I have wall to floor mirrors at one end of my class. (This is a Drama classroom.) Each year group is allocated a section of the mirrors and this is their collaboration space for a unit of work. I also write key elements or vital information onto these mirrors so we can continually refer back to them. My students use these mirrors independently now.    Just the other day I came into my classroom to find, in my absence the day before, my year 12’s had used the liquid chalk to plot out a complete structure for the piece they are currently working on. I could see their working, their decision making and we could easily modify the work if needed. This allows for effective collaboration, ongoing communication, self-directed learning and increased metacognition. The mirrors are still usable for dance or drama tasks despite the writing. Sometimes when we run out of space we also write on the windows. You could use liquid chalk on other surfaces (as I am aware most of you wouldn’t have mirrors!), including non-porous surfaces, blackboards, whiteboards, whiteboard painted walls, glass, metal, ceramic tiles, Perspex, laminated surfaces, enamel painted surfaces or any sealed surfaces. It wipes off fairly easily.  The cheapest place to purchase the markers is eBay. 

Project Vision Boards – Yes, I am aware of Pinterest, but there is something immediate and tangible about creating a living, breathing vision board. I recently completed a playbuilding unit with my Year 9 students with the stimulus ‘Tales of the Sea’. In this unit students needed to work collaboratively to create original stories centring on the ocean. As a lead in to this unit students completed two of the following multiple intelligence tasks to stimulate their thinking and creativity around the theme. They then placed their work on the class vision board (just a wall in my classroom) resulting in a remarkable spread of inspiration for their storytelling. Throughout the unit, when they became stuck or found it difficult to move their idea forward, they returned to the wall to springboard new ideas. These ideas could be applied to a wide range of projects. Think PBL, design projects, creative writing, and science units. I find this technique really grounds a unit of work.

Inspiration Zones – These can come in many forms. One permanent feature is my character wall (which you can read more about here) that assists students to conceive complex characters. I also have one small area dedicated to writing prompts formed from deep questions and sentence starters. Students visit this area to stimulate creative thinking in both practical and written work. Inspiration zones can take many forms depending on your subject area.

Functioning Scaffolds – I often use scaffolds on my classroom wall (such as the Playbuilding Ladder). The students move physically with game pieces through the scaffold. They pin their pieces where they are up to in the process, which allows me to see the progress they are or aren’t making. It also ensures the students really consider the steps they need to undertake.

Post-it – My classroom is often covered in post-it notes. Sometimes they are used to make comments or expand ideas on the collaboration space or vision board. Sometimes they are used as exit passes or AHA moments. There is also a window above my desk where students know they can post me a note or a thought using a post-it. Each year group has a set colour so that I can quickly identify a group of thoughts. (Eg. I know all yellow post-it notes belong to year 10.)

There are no limitations on what you can do. I currently have an entire script on my wall so that we can move pieces around, discuss elements as a class, highlight sections together etc. It looks a little messy but it is learning in action. And then, when we run out of room (which happens frequently) we roll out the good old butcher’s paper.

The walls of my classroom mirror the walls of my student’s minds. They aren’t used to impress other teachers or parents that enter. They aren’t there to display A+ work. They are there to sing, yell, hail, screech, whoop and yodel what we are learning. And when I clear them, wipe the mirrors clean, take the last unit down -we have a clear canvas to begin creating all over again.

If the walls of your classroom could talk, what would they say?

I wonder if you will like this post. I like that you might wonder about it. Most of all I like this routine in my classroom and wonder where it might take us next.  

Welcome to two of my favourite classroom phrases-  'I Like...' / 'I Wonder...'. 

I embedded this practice into my day-to-day teaching after attending The PBL Australia Conference. At this event presenters from The Buck Institute introduced us to 'Gallery Walks'. I don't believe this a new technique, nor do I claim it to be ground-breaking; however, it is an effective practice that can be beneficial in all classrooms. (Here is an example of one teacher implementing a 'Gallery Walk' in her language classroom.) During the conference we had to present an idea for a PBL unit in our class. We wrote up our concepts on butcher's paper and pinned them up around the room. This is where the 'Gallery Walk' came into play. We had to view and read each teachers proposal and contribute two thoughts on Post-It notes - one beginning with 'I Like...' and one beginning with 'I Wonder...'. When I collected my proposal I found the 'I Likes...' really affirmed my idea and the 'I Wonders..' challenged me to push it further. So I took this technique back into my classroom and the thinking that results from this simple routine continues to amaze me.

Here are some examples of how I have implemented in my classroom -

1. Gallery Walks - I use Gallery Walks hand-in-hand with these prompts. A Gallery Walk a great starting point for a new unit. One lesson I set up 15 iPads around the classroom with different photographs, video and other media loaded to the screen. Students had to go to each iPad, engage with the content (which was centred around various forms of puppetry) and write an 'I Like...' and an 'I Wonder...' for each station. We then discussed the comments as a whole group. As a teacher it informed me of the material they were engaging with and also alert me to the questions that stimulated their 'want' to learn. (Eg. I like how the puppeteer has made this character's emotions come to life through the physicality of the puppet. I wonder how the puppeteer was able to manipulate the joints of the puppet so that it moved in that manner.) I have also set up online Gallery Walks to maximise time. Students record their performances and I upload them to Edmodo. (Could be used for speeches, photos of work or written work too.) Students then comment under each recording using the terms 'I Like...' and 'I Wonder...' . (Eg. I like how you used your voice to convey emotion and engage the audience. I wonder if your could further enhance the character through their use of physical gesture.) Gallery Walks also work well with essays, visual products such as posters or photographs and audio material.)

2. Daily Feedback - At the end of 99% of my lessons students share and showcase their work, both practical and theoretical, with their peers. As we view this work as a class I ask the students to either provide verbal feedback using the terms 'I Like...' and 'I Wonder...' or provide written feedback (generally in the form of Post-It notes) again using the same terms. This either opens authentic verbal discussion about the work being presented or stimulates detailed written reflections in the individual students logbook. 

3. Teacher Feedback - I also manipulate these terms to guide my feedback to students both during the learning process and at formal assessment time. It reminds me to look for and name the positive in the first instance. It also provides a platform from which I can pose my constructive criticism in a way that is palatable for the student. (Eg. I like how you manipulated the elements of Drama to effectively engage the audience. However, I wonder if you could further refine your character to demonstrate more conviction and therefore extract more empathy from those watching.) By modelling this practice effectively the students further engage with the principals of kind, specific and helpful feedback which I believe these prompts clearly scaffold.

4. Exploring Texts - I often use these prompts as a way to discuss text. At the end of a chapter, stanza or a scene posing these sentence starters can lead to meaningful conversations. The 'I Likes...' open up moments in the chapter or scene that the student connected with. The 'I Wonders...' suggest predictions or pose questions that we as an audience would like the writer to answer as we delve further into the story. At the end of text it can also be a great way to being a review or extend on the lives of the characters after the event.

This language is now embedded in my classroom culture. My students are familiar with the terms and use them comfortably, with and without prompting, in classroom conversations. These two simple prompts have changed the way my students approach and respond to feedback. The feedback they provide each other is kind, specific and helpful as a result. The use of 'I Wonder...' compels them to critically think about their learning rather than feel their peers are critical of them. 'I Wonder...' also generates substantial exchanges in relation to new source material or texts. 

This technique takes literally no preparation in its simplest form and can be an effective tool for generating deeper thinking in the classroom. Using it regularly will also help shape the language of the classroom and the way students approach and respond to new material. I challenge you to use it daily for a week and let me know how you find it. I wonder if it will work as well for you as it has for me!

This is what Austin reminded me as a teacher:

1. Ok is not good enough - Always expect the best from your students. If your expectations are high yet realistic and they know you believe in them, they will do everything in their power to reach those standards. So believe they can achieve butterfly six and never settle for butterfly one unless you know it is the very best they can do.

2. Provide meaningful, ongoing feedback - For some students, providing meaningful, ongoing feedback is easy. They want to know how they are going and they seek help along the way. However, I was concerned for the students that wouldn’t show me their work prior to the due date. Usually this was either due to disorganisation or perfectionism. I have had students say “I don’t want to show it to you until I have it perfect.” My question back to them is how do they get it perfect if they are not consciously striving to find ways improve their work? The solution is to build a culture of constructive feedback into your class and insist that students share their work openly no matter what stage they are at. In all my assessments I have now built in progress dates where they must show me their work at different stages so that I can provide them with explicit, ongoing and meaningful feedback well in advance of the final due date. 

3. The importance of a daily ‘I like…’ / ‘I wonder…’ practice - In order to acclimatise my students to a classroom environment where a culture of constructive feedback was thriving, I now have a sharing session at the conclusion of the majority of my lessons. During this session students share the work they have completed that day. The remainder of the class provide them kind and specific feedback using the phrases ‘I like…’ and ‘I wonder…’. Sometimes we do this as a whole class discussion; sometimes we give 1:1 verbal feedback; sometimes we provide the feedback via post-it notes that the students can refer back to later; sometimes we use gallery walks. The result is a non-competitive class open to sharing and receiving constructive criticism. By practicing ‘I like..’ and ‘I wonder..’ daily, students are more open to meaningful, ongoing feedback from me as a teacher even when the stakes are high. 

4. Aim for a personal best - Not all students are going to be able to achieve butterfly six no matter how many drafts they complete. Some students will achieve butterfly six on their second attempt. This is why we must continue to differentiate in our classes and focus on the students personal best rather then the grade at the end. If a student has taken all their constructive criticism and attempted to apply it, but only reaches butterfly three then we as teachers need to look at ways to scaffold tasks for them, revise concepts or actively guide them in their next project so that hopefully they can reach a butterfly four next time. Similarly, if a student achieves a butterfly six on the first attempt then we need to raise the bar and have them aiming for something beyond a butterfly six. We must differentiate and we must make their personal best our overall goal. 

Further to these four points I conducted an experiment last week. I showed Austin’s butterfly to my daughter in Year 1 and a student I teach in Year 12. My daughter was drawing butterflies last Sunday (as little girls do) and I invited her to watch the story about Austin and his butterfly. She was engaged the entire time. When the video was over she asked me to put Austin’s butterfly on the screen, grabbed a pencil and some paper and began drafting, seeking feedback and redrafting. She didn’t get it in six attempts (to be honest she went through a whole ream of paper), but she understood the concept and began to understand the need to receive feedback in order to improve her work.

Grab your students attention by bringing a guest speaker to class such as William Shakespeare, Sophocles, the Queen... actually whoever you want! Just grab a photo and use any one of a number of apps (I used Funny Movie Maker), cut out the lips, insert yours and record away. Use the voice distortion to change the pitch of your voice making it even more realistic. Shakespeare and Sophocles will be begging students at their PBL entry event this week to breath life back into their works. So much fun! Students could also use the app to present work to you. This could be an effective tool to make scientists, historians, authors, actors, politicians, mathematicians or musicians come to life.